Aart de Vries

Aart de Vries is a PhD researcher at the Utrecht Centre for Regulation and Enforcement in Europe (RENFORCE) and the Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Sciences of Utrecht University, in the Netherlands. In his dissertation, he studies the asymmetries in the context of transnational enforcement that result from the indirect enforcement model of European Union law, identifies the connected problems and gaps, and provides recommendations to solve those issues. To this avail, he assesses the architecture of punitive enforcement of European Union law in the fields of fiscal customs legislation, financial regulation and environmental law in the Netherlands, Germany and France, and analyses how these systems interact in a cross-border enforcement context.